Correct Answer - Option 3 : Inter-relation between Heredity and Environment
It is often said that no two individuals are exact duplicates; they differ from each other in some way or the other. The differences between two individuals are known as individual differences.
- Individual differences refer to the extent and kind of variations or similarities among people on some of the important psychological aspects such as intelligence, personality, interest, and aptitude.
- Individual differences occur due to the interaction of heredity and environmental factors. We inherit certain characteristics from our parents through genetic codes.
- The phenotype or the expressed forms of our characteristics depend on contributions of the socio-cultural environment. We also inherit certain cognitive, emotional, and other characteristics from our parents like intellectual competence, love for sport, creativity, etc.
- The environment is responsible as to how we are reared, the kind of atmosphere at the house, whether it is liberal or strict, the type of education that we get, what we learn from people, around us, books, cultural practices, peers, teachers, and media. All these aspects refer to ‘environment’ which helps in developing our potentials.
- Environment, by providing models and other opportunities, helps us develop many traits and skills. Our inheritance alone cannot decide what we become but our environment also contributes.
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Heredity: It refers to the traits that pass down from parents to their offspring. For example, physical attributes like height, color of eyes, the shape of the nose, etc.
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Environment:- It refers to the circumstances in which an individual lives and grows.
Thus, it is concluded that determinates of individual differences in human beings are related to the Inter-relation between Heredity and Environment.
