Correct Answer - Option 4 : Watson
Watson, an American psychologist who codified and publicized behaviourism, an approach to psychology that, in his view, was restricted to the objective, experimental study of the relations between environmental events and human behaviour.
John B Watson is known as the founder and father of behaviorism.
- Behaviourism was established with the publication of Watson's classic paper "Psychology as the Behaviourist Views It".
- Behaviourism dominated experimental psychology for several decades, and its influence can still be felt today.
- Behaviourism is largely responsible for establishing psychology as a scientific discipline through its objective methods and especially experimentation.
- Behaviourism focuses on the idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment. This learning theory states that behaviors are learned from the environment, and says that innate or inherited factors have very little influence on behavior.
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An example of behaviorism is when teachers reward their class or certain students with a party or special treat at the end of the week for good behaviour throughout the week. The same concept is used with punishments.
- Behavior modification is commonly used in classroom settings.
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Behaviorism has also led to research on environmental influences on human behavior.
Hence, it can be concluded that Behaviorism was propounded by Watson.
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Jean Piaget was a swiss psychologist who is well renowned for his work in child development. He proposed the 'Theory of Cognitive Development' under the cognitive constructivist approach. His theory is basically divided into two parts:
- The first part includes the stages of development of children at different levels of ages, while the second part describes the development of cognitive abilities at different ages i.e., mental ability and processes that are brain-based skills.
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Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis and his theory is also known as the Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality.
- He considered personality as a three-tier system of Id, Ego, Superego. Id is totally unconscious, Ego is partly conscious, and Superego is totally conscious.
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Alfred Binet was the first one to work on intelligence. Intelligence provides an understanding of how people adapt their behavior according to the environment they live in.
- He used the attributes of perceiving, learning, understanding, and knowing. He gave the definition "Intelligence is the ability to judge well, to comprehend well, and to reason well".
