Correct Answer - Option 4 : Skinner
Learning: To acquire various habits, knowledge, attitudes and skills, etc. is called ‘learning’. Learning is a development that comes from exercise and effort. Through learning, children acquire competence in using their hereditary resources. It is a relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as the result of prior experience. It covers every modification in behaviour to meet environmental requirements.
According to Skinner- "Learning is a process of progressive enforcement of behaviour."
- Learning is not acquired by birth, but it is the process of acquiring competence by using hereditary resources.
- Temporary change in behaviour is not learning.
- Not only the modification of behaviour by acquiring good things as per the social norms is learning but also even behaviour modification by acquiring bad things comes under learning.
- In other words, learning leads to a change in behaviour but this does not necessarily mean that these changes always bring about improvement or positive development.
- Learning is a fundamental and life-long process.
- Learning is not an aimless activity. All true learning is based on purpose.
- Learning generally involves some degree of permanence.
- Learning is universal and continuous.
- Learning prepares for adjustment.
- Learning is comprehensive.
- Learning is a change in response or behaviour that may be favourable or unfavourable.
- Learning involves all those experience and training of an individual (right from birth) which help her/him to produce changes in behaviour.
- Learning does not include changes in behaviour on account of maturation, fatigue, illness, or drug etc.
Hence, we conclude that the above statement is of Skinner.
