Question

Given below we two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): Turkish invasions on India were successful.

Reason (R): There was no political unity in North India.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
3. (A) is true, but (R) is false
4. (A) is false, but (R) is true

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 1 : Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

The correct answer is Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

• In the 8th and 9th centuries, the Turks dominated the Caliphs of Baghdad.
• In 1001 A.D., Mahmud of Ghazni invaded India. He was the first Turkish to invade India.
• He defeating the following and returned to his place with enormous wealth-
  • Jaipala, the ruler of the Hindu Shahi Dynasty
  • Fateh Daud of Multan
  • Anandpala of Nagarkot
  • the Chandelas, the rulers of Mathura
  • Kanauj, and Gwalior
• The Turkish rule began for the first time in Indian history with the end of the Second Battle of Tarain as Qutb-ud-din Aibak was appointed as the commander by Muhammad of Ghori.
• During Mahmud’s time, North India was divided and there was no unity. 
• Most the scholars are unanimous in accepting the theory of political disunity in the then India while discussing the causes for Turkish success.
• It is assumed that particularly in North-Western and Northern India the growing enmity, mutual distrust and clash among the rulers created the worst situation of political disunity which, in turn, became beneficial for the Turks to get hold of the warfare.
• After the downfall of the Guptas and also after the end of the reign of Harshavardhana, a kind of political instability sprang up in the whole of northern India.
• The foreign invaders, like the Turks, considered this situation as a golden opportunity to conquer over India.
• Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).