Distinguish between a sigma and a pi-bond.

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answered Jan 25, 2020 by SurajKumar (64.8k points)
selected Jan 25, 2020 by Nishu03

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Sigma (σ) bond	Pi (π) bond
1. It is formed due to axial overlap of the two orbitals.	1. This bond is formed by the lateral (sideways) overlap of two p-orbitals.
2. There can be only one sigma bond between atoms.	2. There can be more than one π-bond between the two atoms.
3. The electron density is maximum and cylindrically symmetrical about the bond axis.	3. The electron density is high along a direction at right angle to the bond axis.
4. The bonding is relatively strong.	4. The bonding due to a π-bond is weak.
5. Free rotation of atoms about sigma (σ) bond is possible.	5. Free rotation about a π-bond is not possible.
6. It can be formed independently, i.e., there can be a sigma (σ) bond without having a π bond in any molecule.	6. The π-bond is formed only after σ bond has been formed.