(a) Activity method of learning: Learning bi, doing itself is a great motivational factor. The thrill of personal experience and success maintains the desire of an individual to continue the activity.
(b) Personality of teacher/coach: Personal upkeep of teacher/coach, his skill/ability to demonstrate, creative teaching procedures, patience, impartiality and above all, his ability to communicate, brings about intensive motivation among students.
(c) Audio-visual aids: Thrill of competition, watching films, matches. charts. graphs, etc. are conducive to better motivation.
(d) Rewards and punishments-material rewards: In terms of cash awards of valuable things and social rewards, in terms of promotion, praise, honours, etc, are important motivational factors. On the other hand, punishment which is based on fear or failure, physical pain, rejection, losing prestige and so on, serves as preventive motivation. But extreme punishment plays a negative role in motivational process. There should be a judicious use of punishment.
