Correct Answer - Option 4 : Karl Marx
The political slogan "Workers of the world, unite!" is one of the rallying cries from the 'The Communist Manifesto' (1848) by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
- In German it was 'Proletarier aller Länder vereinigt Euch!', which means 'Proletarians of all countries, unite!', but soon popularised in English as "Workers of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but your chains!").
- A variation of this phrase ("Workers of all lands, unite") is also inscribed on Marx's tombstone.
- The essence of the slogan is that members of the working classes throughout the world should cooperate to defeat capitalism and achieve victory in the class conflict.
- Five years before 'The Communist Manifesto', this phrase appeared in the 1843 book The Workers' Union by Flora Tristan.
- The International Workingmen's Association, described by Engels as "the first international movement of the working class" was persuaded by Engels to change its motto from "all men are brothers" to "working men of all countries, unite!".
- It reflected Marx's and Engels' view of proletarian internationalism.
- The phrase has overlapping meanings:
- first, that workers should unite in unions to better push for their demands such as workplace pay and conditions;
- secondly, that workers should see beyond their various craft unions and unite against the capitalist system;
- thirdly, that workers of different countries have more in common with each other than workers and employers of the same country.
